Identify other representative bodies and explain what they do. They could include: government departments, professional bodies, trade unions and/or consumer groups

Department of Health: Department of health regulates entire health and social care sector. They make regulations and legislations for health and social care.

Safeguarding Adults Board: The Surrey Safeguarding Adults Board helps and protects adults in Surrey who have care and support needs, and who is experiencing or at risk of abuse. They share information among all safeguarding agencies and monitor their actions regarding safeguarding issues.

Disclosure and Barring Service (DBS): This organization helps employers to check employees suitability to work with vulnerable adults and children.

Police: In some cases, police is the first point of contact to reporting safeguarding issue. They record, report, and prevent from further happening. They also provide advice about preventative measure.

Occupational Therapist: They engage with people in need to maintain skills for day to day activities and well-beings. They work with patients and families to adapt their environment, modify tasks, and use equipment to improve participation in all areas of daily living.

Explain what the following representative bodies do within the sector. • Regulatory Body e.g. Care Quality Commission or Ofsted • Skills for Care or Skills for Health • Local Council Authority

Care Quality Commission (CQC): They monitor, inspect and regulate health and social care services in England. They aim to make sure better care is provided for everyone - in hospitals, care homes and people's own homes. They inspect social care service providers and publish their findings, including ratings to help people to choose care provider.

Skills for Care: Skills for Care provides practical tools and support to help adult social care organizations in England recruit, develop and lead their workforce. It is very useful for learning and career development for the health and social care worker. http://www.skillsforcare.org.uk/About/What-we-do/What-we-do.aspx

Local Council Authority: Local council is responsible to help their local people achieve the best possible outcomes across health and social care. They are also responsible to deploy all the regulations issued by department of health to all the care service providers. They have responsibilities to safeguarding adults at risk. They also assist with funding for care.

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Outline why legislation relating to employment exists

1) To treat all employee fairly and equally

2) To remove barrier to equal rights at work

3) To eliminate all types of discrimination

4) To create a safe and effective working environment

5) To eliminate inequality in the wider society

6) To reduce work related injuries

7) To protect employee, employer and service users from harm and abuse

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List the different aspects of employment covered by law

All aspects of employment are covered by law. Few are as follows-

·         Equality and Anti-Discriminations

·         National Minimum Wages

·         Working Hours

·         Holiday Entitlement

·         Sick Pay

·         Health and Safety at Work

·         Maternity/Paternity Leave

·         Trainings and development

·         Data Protection

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Fluid Chart

Fluid plays an integral part of recovery for patient in clinical environment. Hence, it is very important to track the record of fluid intake and output. Here you can make one and put in place for relevant patient -

Fluid Chart

Patient Name:                                                                                                 Date:            

Time	Type of Fluid	Amount (In Mls.)			O/P/I	Running Total
		In		Out
7:00
7:30
8:00
8:30
9:00
9:30
10:00
10:30
11:00
11:30
12:00
12:30
13:00
13:30
14:00
14:30
15:00
15:30
16:00
16:30
17:00
17:30
18:00
18:30
19:00
19:30
20:00
20:30
21:00
21:30
22:00
22:30
23:00
					Total

** O – Oral, P – Peg, I – Intravenous

 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------

When Doctor asks you to take more fluids, and Nurse is tracking record of your fluid intake -

Describe how to ensure an individual with dementia, carers and others feel able to complain without fear of retribution

Complaint procedures must be easy to use and readily available to all. We must acknowledge all forms of complaints as soon as we receive and handle strictly with confidentiality. We must provide written instructions of complaints procedure before commencing the service. We should also encourage individuals, carers and others to make complaint when such a situation arises. We must explain to them about their rights and available internal and external support. We must provide full assistance if individuals are unable to write and forward complaints. Feedback or comments about the service from service users are the other way to aware of any potential complaints about the service.

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Describe how a conflict of interest can be addressed between the carer and an individual with dementia whilst balancing rights, choices and risk

Conflict of interests may arise between carer and individual with dementia from time to time. There is also dilemma may arise while you working with an individual with dementia. In those situations, carers or individuals may need counselling, advice and guidance from senior care worker or manager. As a carer, you must always be aware of your role, purpose of your role and professional boundaries. Persuading and compromising behaviour are keys to address this sort of issue. A group training session including possible scenario will definitely be helpful to address this kind of issue at workplace.

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Explain why it is important not to assume that an individual with dementia cannot make their own decisions

Under mental capacity act we must assume capacity. We also need to identify ‘unwise decision’ and prove ‘unwise decision’. Therefore, it is a legal requirement to assume an individual has capacity to make own decision. An individual with dementia can make their own decision if appropriate support is provided. An individual with dementia can make decision about their everyday choices which are not complex with or without support. We know different types of dementia affects different types of ability in the different stage. At the primary stage, an individual may make own decision with or without any support. At later stage, they may need more support to make decisions such as advocate, relatives, carer and adaptive technologies.

However, as a professional, we must not work on assumption, notion, beliefs, thoughts and hearsay.

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Describe how the ability of an individual with dementia to make decisions may fluctuate

Dementia is a set of symptoms and different types of dementia affects individual’s ability differently. Individual with dementia may be able to make decisions about everyday choices and preferences, but an individual may find very hard to making any complex decision, as they may not be able to understand and retain the information to make right decision. However, ability of an individual depends on types and stages of dementia.

Individuals with vascular dementia may suffer from memory problems (such as recalling recent or past events) and problems concentrating due to slower thought. They may not be able to speak very fluent or not be able to speak at all. Giving consent and taking decision may become very difficult for them. In early onset of the symptoms they may be able to make decisions without any interruption.

Individuals with fronto-temporal dementia can exhibit inappropriate behaviour or ruthless comments to others. Due to their behaviour and lack of empathy to others, decisions taken by them may not be legible for the purpose.

Individuals suffering from dementia with lewy-bodies may have disorganised speech or struggle with planning and decision making.

It is very important to understand that at the beginning of the symptoms of dementia, an individual can make own decisions and plan for their own care ahead even with little help and support. At later stage, it is almost impossible for them to make any decision or contribute to it at all.

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Demonstrate that the best interests of an individual with dementia are considered when planning and delivering care and support

One of the legal requirement for delivering care and support is person centred care. Therefore, all providers must create a person centred care plan for each individual they provide care and support. It must meet individual’s choices and preferences and be planned with the individual. However, when we create person centred care plan for an individual with dementia, it is not always possible to determine or establish their choices and preferences due to their memory impairment, poor mobility, medical conditions, poor judgement and inability to retain information and take decision. If choices and preferences of an individual with dementia cannot be readily established then we must take decision considering individual’s best interests. Best interests decisions are usually taken in the presence of various professionals (depending on the specific decision), individual and family members after assessing all the available information.

Example: One of the individual with dementia would like to go out himself for shopping. Due to individual’s forgetfulness and other associate behaviour, it is not suggested to let him go for shopping on his own.

Best interests decision: After reviewing all the available information and taking into account of individual’s and public’s health and safety, it is being decided that we can introduce online shopping to the individual. If it still does not fulfil individual’s preferences then one carer can escort him to do the shopping.

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Explain how and when personal information may be shared with carers and others, taking into account legislative frameworks and agreed ways of working

Data protection act 1998 states that individuals’ personal and sensitive information must be kept safe and secure and we must not share personal information without individuals’ consent. Therefore, we must obtain individuals’ consent prior to sharing their personal information. Internal policies and procedures put restrictions on who we can share with and what information we can share which can refer to legislation wording ‘need to know’ and ‘right to know’.

In any emergency situation where individuals’ life is at risk, we can share personal information with the appropriate authority that need to know such information to save individuals lives. An organisation has express powers and obligations to share information with only named organisation for certain purpose. You can share individual’s personal information with carers and other professionals such as GP, hospitals, physiotherapists, nurses, mental health nurse, social service, only to improve the individual’s health and wellbeing. The personal data can be shared only with other agreed professionals in order to improve individual’s health and wellbeing. Data also can be shared to prevent crime and identifying criminals with appropriate authority and we do not need to obtain consent for that.

In order to share individual’s personal data we must follow organisation’s policies and procedures on how to share such information. Few standards are described below –

·         Make sure person seeking information has right to know

·         Determine the purpose (it must be beneficial to the individual)

·         Make sure person seeking information is a real and right person

·         Ask the person to make a written request

·         Use encrypted mail server to exchange personal data    
·         In the event of any doubt, you must contact organisation's information security officer

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